Introduction

Operators are the standard symbols used for performing operations on variable and value. For example, to add two values we use the arithmetic operator +, where symbol + signifies the specific meaning of addition.

Types of operators in Python

We have seven types of operators in Python. They are:

• Arithmetic operator
• Assignment operator
• Comparison operator
• Logical operator
• Identity operator
• Membership operator
• Bitwise operator

1.      Arithmetic operator

The arithmetic operator includes:

Program:

print("Addition: 10 + 2 = ", (10+2))
print("Subtraction: 10 - 2 = ", (10-2))
print("Multiplication: 9 * 4 = ", (9*4))
print("Division: 10 / 2 = ", (10/2))
print("Modulus: 8 % 3 = ", (8%2))
print("Floor division: 25 // 2 = ", (25//2))
print("Exponentiation: 7 ** 2 = ", (7**2))

Output:

2.      Assignment operator

Assignments operators are used to assign the values to variables in programming. It includes:

3.      Comparison operator

Comparison operators are used to compare values and variables and return True or False depending upon the outcome. It includes:

Program:

print("10>16 ? True:False =>", 10 > 16)
print("10<16 ? True:False =>",10 < 16)
print("8 == 3 ? True:False=>",8 == 3)
print("3 != 4 ? True:False =>",3 != 4)
print("6 >= 9 ? True:False =>",6 >= 9)
print("6 <= 6 ? True:False =>",6 <= 6)

Output:

4.      Logical operator

Logical operators combine conditional statements and perform Logical And, Logical OR and Logical Not.

Program:

a = False
b = True
print(" a = False ;  b = True")
print("Output of Logical AND ", a and b)
print("Output of Logical OR", a or b)
print("Output of Logical NOT", not a)

Output:

5.      Identity operator

Identity operator is used to check whether the objects are same not just only the value but whether they are having same memory location.

Program:

val1 = ["sample1", "sample2"]
val2 = ["sample1", "sample2"]
temp = val1
#val1 is same as temp, hence returns True
print(val1 is temp)
#val1 and val2 are different, hence returns True
print( val1 is not val2)
#val1 and val2 are different, hence returns False
print(val1 is val2)

Output:

6.      Membership operator

It is used to check whether the sequence is present in the object. Membership operator includes:

Program:

ip_string = 'Program for membership operator'
print('o' in ip_string)
print('Program for membership' in ip_string)  
print('Program membership' not in ip_string)
print('Program for membership' not in ip_string)

Output:

7.      Bitwise operator

It is used to compare binary values. The bitwise operator includes:

Program:

x = 34
y = 7
print("x = {0} ; y = {1}".format(x,y)) 
print("Bitwise AND operation: x & y = ", x & y)
print("Bitwise OR operation: x | y = ", x | y) 
print("Bitwise NOT operation: ~x = ",~x)
print("bitwise XOR operation: x ^ y = ",x ^ y) 
print("Bitwise right shift operation: x >> 2 = ", x >> 2)
print("Bitwise left shift operation: x << 2 = ",x << 2)

Output:

Operator precedence and Associativity

When more than one operator is present in the expression, we check for the operator precedence to determine which operation to compute first.

When more than one operator with same precedence is present in the expression, operator associativity is used to determine in which direction to move (left to right or right to left) for calculation.

Program: Operator Precedence

# ** has highes precedence hence it is calculated first, then / and at last + is calculated and output is returned=> 6**2 = 36 ; 36/4 = 9; 5 + 9 = 14
print("5 + 6 ** 2 / 4 = ",5 + 6 ** 2 / 4)

Output:

Program: Operator Associativity

print("Left-to-right associativity: 10 / 10 * 10 = ",10 / 10 * 10) 
print("Right-to-left associativity: 5 ** 2 ** 2 = ", 5 ** 2 ** 2)

Output: