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Preface – This post is part of the ABAP Programs series.

In ABAP, you might have learned to create global classes using SE24, Transaction code. But some time, there is a requirement to create a local class and its method call altogether in a report. In this article, we will learn how to implement Local Classes in ABAP.

Introduction

Local Classes in ABAP are just like classes of Programming language C/C++. We define following while doing Local classes implementation in ABAP:

• Class: We define a class with different section: Public, Private and Protected
• Method: We define Importing, Exporting and Exception parameters for a Method
• Create Object: This we create for our Global classes too, used to create an object for a Class in our regular ABAP programs
• CALL METHOD: To call the methods of class, using the object created above.

ABAP Program

Program Requirement: Get basic and salary details of an employee from two different classes. Take Employee ID as input.

CLASS class_test DEFINITION DEFERRED.
PARAMETERS: p_empid TYPE char8.
DATA: wa_emp  TYPE zBarry_emp,
      wa_emp2 TYPE zBarry_sal.
DATA: obj TYPE REF TO class_test.

INTERFACE interface.
  METHODS: method2
    IMPORTING imp2 TYPE char8
    EXPORTING exp2 TYPE zBarry_sal.
ENDINTERFACE.

CLASS class_test DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    EVENTS: event1.
    INTERFACES: interface.
    METHODS: method1
      IMPORTING imp TYPE char8
      EXPORTING exp TYPE zBarry_emp.
    METHODS: eventhandler FOR EVENT event1 OF class_test.

ENDCLASS.

CREATE OBJECT obj.

SET HANDLER obj->eventhandler FOR obj.
CALL METHOD obj->method1
  EXPORTING
    imp = p_empid
  IMPORTING
    exp = wa_emp.

CALL METHOD obj->interface~method2
  EXPORTING
    imp2 = p_empid
  IMPORTING
    exp2 = wa_emp2.

WRITE:/ wa_emp.
write:/ wa_emp2-empid, wa_emp2-tid,wa_emp2-mon.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&       Class (Implementation)  class_test
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*        Text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
CLASS class_test IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD method1.
    SELECT * FROM zBarry_emp INTO exp WHERE empid = imp.
    ENDSELECT.
    IF sy-subrc NE 0.
      RAISE EVENT event1 .
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD interface~method2.
    SELECT * FROM zBarry_sal INTO exp2 WHERE empid = imp2.
    ENDSELECT.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD eventhandler.
    WRITE:/ 'wrong empid'.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.               "class_test

Code Explanation

In the above code, we have done following implementation, step by step:

1. Initially, we have defined Parameters to take Employee ID as input, variables to define work area to store data of Employee basic details and Salary details and object obj 
2. Implementation of  one local class and an interface.
3. Exporting Employee ID and getting relevant data from these classes/interface.
4. Printing above result using Write statement.

Preface – This post is part of the ABAP Programs series.

Lock Objects in SAP ABAP are global reusable component which generates function modules i.e. ENQUEUE_E_TABLE and DEQUEUE_E_TABLE that are used to set and release locks on data record. This Enqueue and Dequeue method is used to lock and unlock any object in SAP ABAP. In this article, we will learn these methods with the help of a program. Before starting this, you must read the basic concepts of Lock Objects in SAP ABAP.

Introduction

It is very important to lock an object that is under development. By object we mean everything i.e. Tables, Views, Reports, Methods, Function Modules, and all. ABAP too provides these features by default for their standard interfaces. But what if you need to create one for your own table. Then you need to use the given two Function Modules:

1. ENQUEUE_E_TABLE:  To Add Lock
2. DEQUEUE_E_TABLE: To Remove Lock

ABAP Program to perform Enqueue and Dequeue Operations

DATA: varkey LIKE rstable-varkey.
varkey = sy-mandt.
CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_E_TABLE' "Add Lock
  EXPORTING
*   MODE_RSTABLE   = 'E'
    tabname        = 'ZBarry_TEST'
    varkey         = varkey
*   X_TABNAME      = ' '
*   X_VARKEY       = ' '
*   _SCOPE         = '2'
*   _WAIT          = ' '
*   _COLLECT       = ' '
  EXCEPTIONS
    foreign_lock   = 1
    system_failure = 2
    OTHERS         = 3.
CASE sy-subrc.
  WHEN 1.
    MESSAGE i184(bctrain) WITH 'Foreign lock'.
  WHEN 2.
    MESSAGE i184(bctrain) WITH 'system failure'.
  WHEN 0.
    MESSAGE i184(bctrain) WITH 'success'.
  WHEN OTHERS.
    MESSAGE i184(bctrain) WITH 'others'.
ENDCASE.
CALL FUNCTION 'DEQUEUE_E_TABLE' "Remove Lock
  EXPORTING
*   MODE_RSTABLE       = 'E'
    tabname = 'ZBarry_TEST'
    varkey  = varkey
*   X_TABNAME          = ' '
*   X_VARKEY           = ' '
*   _SCOPE  = '3'
*   _SYNCHRON          = ' '
*   _COLLECT           = ' '
  .

IF sy-subrc <> 0.
* Implement suitable error handling here
ENDIF.

Code Explanation

The above program is self explanatory, still we will explain key points below:

• Initially, we have defined  a variable varkey which will give the client information. It tells, ABAP, for which client, you want to block/unblock the table. It is taken automatically using sy-mandt.
• Then we have called Function ‘ENQUEUE_E_TABLE’, it returns either either success, failure or Foreign lock exception.
• Later, when we are done with our changes regarding our table, we need to unlock the same. For that we call Function ‘DEQUEUE_E_TABLE’.

Preface – This post is part of the ABAP Programs series.

Interactive Report in SAP ABAP is a report where you can interact with the output page of report. You can click on an item of a list to get its details. In this article, we will discuss an example of Interactive Reports. To know more about Events in Interactive Report click here. Do check Interactive Reporting – FAQs for more clarification.

Introduction

ABAP report has more often a requirement to display expandable lists.

For example, On first page you have been provided basic details of employees.

On click of  a line item i.e. Employee ID (Here, we have clicked, 1117582), you are navigated to another page where you can see the employee Annual Salary.

If you still want to know further, you again clicked on Employee ID(Here, we have clicked, 1117582) here and now you are navigated to third page where you see employee’s salary structure.

These all things are possible in SAP ABAP using Interactive Reports.

ABAP Interactive Report Program

Program Requirement: Create an ABAP report to take Employee ID as Input and display basic details i.e. Employee ID, First Name and Last Name on First page (list 0). On click of Employee ID, display employee salary details on list 1. Again on click of Employee ID, display address details on list 2.

TABLES zBarry_emp.
TABLES zBarry_sal.

DATA : it_emp1 TYPE TABLE OF zBarry_emp,
       it_emp2 TYPE TABLE OF zBarry_sal,
       wa_emp  TYPE zBarry_emp,
       wa_emp2 TYPE zBarry_sal,
       it_emp3 TYPE TABLE OF zBarry_add,
       wa_emp3 TYPE zBarry_add,
       fnam    TYPE char20,
       fval    TYPE INT4,
       fnam1   TYPE char20,
       fval1   TYPE INT4.
set PF-STATUS 'PFSTATUS'.
SELECT-OPTIONS : p_empid FOR zBarry_emp-empid.
AT USER-COMMAND.

CASE SY-UCOMM.

    WHEN 'MAIN'.

     sy-lsind = 1.
     PERFORM display_data.
  ENDCASE.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
  PERFORM validate_input.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  PERFORM get_data.
  PERFORM display_data.

TOP-OF-PAGE.
  FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING INVERSE.
  WRITE 'BASIC EMPLOYEE DETAILS'.

TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION.
  IF sy-lsind = 1.
    FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING INVERSE.
    WRITE 'EMPLOYEE SALARY DETAILS'.
  ELSEIF sy-lsind = 2.

    FORMAT COLOR COL_HEADING INVERSE.
    WRITE 'EMPLOYEE ADDRESS DETAILS'.
  ENDIF.

AT LINE-SELECTION.
  PERFORM primary_list.
  PERFORM secondary_list.





*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  VALIDATE_INPUT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  -->  p1        text
*  <--  p2        text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM validate_input . "validating input
  IF p_empid  IS INITIAL.
    MESSAGE 'Please Enter Employee Number' TYPE 'E'. "if the employee id field is left blank

  ELSE.
    SELECT empid FROM zBarry_emp INTO TABLE it_emp1 WHERE empid IN p_empid.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      MESSAGE 'Please Enter Correct Employee Number' TYPE 'E'. "if wrong employee id is entered
    ENDIF.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  GET_DATA
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  -->  p1        text
*  <--  p2        text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM get_data . "fetching basic employee details from table
  SELECT * FROM zBarry_emp INTO TABLE it_emp1 WHERE empid IN p_empid.
ENDFORM.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  DISPLAY_DATA
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  -->  p1        text
*  <--  p2        text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM display_data . "displaying data
  FORMAT COLOR COL_NEGATIVE INVERSE.
  WRITE:/,3 'Employee ID',
      20 'First NAME',
      35 'Last NAME'.
  SKIP.
  LOOP AT it_emp1 INTO wa_emp.
    FORMAT COLOR COL_POSITIVE INVERSE.
    WRITE : /3 wa_emp-empid,20 wa_emp-emp_fname,35 wa_emp-emp_lname.
  ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  PRIMARY_LIST
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  -->  p1        text
*  <--  p2        text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM primary_list . "fetching employee salary details on list 1
  IF sy-lsind = 1.
    GET CURSOR FIELD fnam VALUE fval.

    IF fnam =  'WA_EMP-EMPID'. "if employee id is selected
      SELECT * FROM zBarry_sal INTO TABLE it_emp2 WHERE empid = fval .
      FORMAT COLOR COL_NEGATIVE INVERSE.
      WRITE:/,3 'Employee ID',
               20 'Transaction ID',
               35 'Month',
               55 'Date Of Salary'.
      SKIP.
      LOOP AT it_emp2 INTO wa_emp2.
        FORMAT COLOR COL_POSITIVE INVERSE.

        WRITE : /3 wa_emp2-empid,20 wa_emp2-tid,35 wa_emp2-mon,55 wa_emp2-dos.

      ENDLOOP.

    ENDIF.

    IF  fnam = 'WA_EMP-EMP_FNAME'. "if employee name is selected

      WRITE: / 'name'.
    ENDIF.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  SECONDARY_LIST
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*  -->  p1        text
*  <--  p2        text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM secondary_list . "fetching employee address details on list 2
  IF sy-lsind = 2.
    GET CURSOR FIELD fnam1 VALUE fval1.
    IF fnam =  'WA_EMP-EMPID'. "if employee id is selected
      SELECT * FROM zBarry_add INTO TABLE it_emp3 WHERE empid = fval1 .
      FORMAT COLOR COL_NEGATIVE INVERSE.
      WRITE:/,3 'Employee ID',
               20 'Flat No.',
               35 'Street Name',
               55 'City Name'.
      SKIP.
      LOOP AT it_emp3 INTO wa_emp3.
        FORMAT COLOR COL_POSITIVE INVERSE.
        WRITE : /3 wa_emp3-empid,20 wa_emp3-flat_no,35 wa_emp3-street_name,55 wa_emp3-city_name.
      ENDLOOP.

    ENDIF.

  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.

Important Points to Consider

The fields fval and fval1 will hold the value of field that you will double click. In our usecase, we store Employee ID in it and use the same to fetch data from table, hence its field type is similar to the Emp ID, i.e. INT4 .

Also, You need to double click on set PF-STATUS ‘PFSTATUS’.

And enter the following as shown below:

If F2 value is not set as ‘PICK’ as shown above then it will cause issue and you will wonder why double click is not working for ABAP Interactive report.

Code Explanation

In the program mentioned above, we have discussed Interactive operation in ABAP Report. This program has comments wherever required. Still, we will be explaining the key points of this program. This program utilizes ABAP Interactive Events, do read it here, before proceeding.

• Initially, we have defined Parameters to take Employee ID as input, variables to perform query and have set PF-STATUS as ‘PFSTATUS’. This PF Status is used to display standard Menu buttons on the top i.e. Execute, Close, Back, etc
• Forms/Performs : Here we have written following forms as per the requirement:
  • validate_input: Here we check if the employee id field is left blank or if wrong employee id is entered. In both cases we raise error
  • get_data:  Here we are fetching basic employee details from table
  • display_data: Here we are displaying data (list 0)
  • primary_list: Here we are fetching employee salary details on list 1
  • secondary_list: Here we are fetching employee address details on list 2

Output

Screen 1:

Screen 2:

Screen 3:

Tutorial Video

You can watch the below video to learn implementation:

Preface – This post is part of the ABAP Programs series.

To perform ABAP excel upload using ABAP report, we need to call a FM ‘TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP’. This FM converts the excel data to ABAP data. Now we can store the same in our internal table and later in our database table. The only mandatory requirement is that the table fields should match the header of excel in a synchronous way, else wrong data will be saved.

Introduction

Many times we need to upload an excel data from our local storage on PC and insert those data into our ABAP tables. This can be easily achieved using ABAP Function Module ‘TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP’. In the given program we convert our excel data into ABAP data and insert those data in our ztable.

ABAP Program

TYPE-POOLS truxs.
PARAMETERS p_file TYPE rlgrap-filename.
TYPES : BEGIN OF t_tab,
          filename TYPE char100sm,
        END OF t_tab.
DATA : t_upload  TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF t_tab, 
       wa_upload TYPE t_tab,
       it_type   TYPE truxs_t_text_data.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_file.
  CALL FUNCTION 'F4_FILENAME'
    EXPORTING
      field_name = 'p_file'
    IMPORTING
      file_name  = p_file.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  CALL FUNCTION 'TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP'
    EXPORTING
      i_tab_raw_data       = it_type
      i_filename           = p_file
    TABLES
      i_tab_converted_data = t_upload[]
    EXCEPTIONS
      conversion_failed    = 1
      OTHERS               = 2.
  IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
            WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 .
  ENDIF.

END-OF-SELECTION.
  DATA : ls_cc_impl TYPE zBarry_upload,
         lt_cc_impl TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF  zBarry_upload.
  LOOP AT t_upload INTO wa_upload.
    ls_cc_impl-mandt      = sy-mandt.
    ls_cc_impl-filename   = wa_upload-filename.
    APPEND ls_cc_impl TO lt_cc_impl.
  ENDLOOP.
  MODIFY zBarry_upload FROM TABLE lt_cc_impl.

Table and Excel

Explanation

In the above program, we have implemented the following steps:

1. Initially, we have defined TYPE-POOLS truxs. TYPE-POOLS have predefined methods that can be reused in multiple programs. Here we are using truxs, that is used later as truxs_t_text_data, a data type.
2. Now, we have define parameters: p_file. This will be used to take the file location as input.
3. Later, we have defined variables: t_tab which is a table type, t_upload, wa_upload and it_type.
4. Now, we have called a function module “F4_FILENAME” to process the file upload.
5. Then, we have called another function module ‘TEXT_CONVERT_XLS_TO_SAP’ to get the ABAP form of data into an internal table.
6. Once we have our data in an internal table, then we can easily append it to our data base table using loop.

Tutorial Video

You can watch the video below to learn implementation:

Preface – This post is part of the ABAP Programs series.

Many times in SAP ABAP, there is a requirement to Truncate, Round Down and Round Up a Decimal Number. In that case, we may use the predefined ABAP keywords to achieve the same. In this article, we will be discussing them altogether.

Introduction

We can truncate (remove decimal values), round down (5.5 to 6) and round up (5.5 to 5) in ABAP. To achieve these functionalities, ABAP has provided keywords like FLOOR, CEIL and TRUNC. These keywords are implemented in given ABAP program:

ABAP Program

Data: tp_deci3 type p decimals 3,
tp_deci2 type p decimals 2.
tp_deci3 = '123.456'.
tp_deci2 = ( floor( tp_deci3 * 100 ) ) / 100. "always rounded down
Write tp_deci2.
tp_deci2 = ( ceil( tp_deci3 * 100 ) ) / 100. "Always rounded up
Write tp_deci2.
tp_deci2 = ( trunc( tp_deci3 * 100 ) ) / 100. "Truncate a number
Write tp_deci2.

Explanation

In the program, mentioned above, we have implemented following, step by step:

1. Initially, we have defined two variables: tp_deci3 and tp_deci2. Both of these variables are of type p i.e. packed (like float, it can have decimal values too).  tp_deci3 can have 3 decimal places while  tp_deci2 can have 2 decimal places.
2. Now, we have simply implemented the ABAP keywords: FLOOR, CEIL and TRUNC; one by one. [How it works has been illustrated via images, above].
3. Later, we have printed the result as output.

Preface – This post is part of the ABAP Programs series.

Sometimes, there is a need to know if the number provided by user is Armstrong number. In that case we program to find Armstrong Number in ABAP. It is not a question that is merely asked in an interview but an important keyword that is used in day to day programming.

Introduction

Armstrong Number is a number whose sum of cube of individual number is equal to the entire number itself.

For example: 153 = 1³ + 5³ + 3³

This can be achieved in ABAP with the help of loop in ABAP and truncate in ABAP. The given program implements the same:

ABAP Program to find Armstrong Number

PARAMETERS: lv_data1(10) type p.
Data: lv_digit(10) type i,
      lv_final(1) type i,
      lv_arm(10) type i,
      lv_data2(10) type p.
lv_data2 = lv_data1.
while lv_data2 <> 0.
    lv_digit = lv_data2 MOD 10.
    lv_arm = lv_arm + ( lv_digit  * lv_digit  * lv_digit ).
    lv_data2 = trunc( lv_data2 / 10 ).
    ENDWHILE.

If lv_data1 EQ lv_arm.
  Write: 'It is an Armstrong Number'.
  Else.
    Write: 'It is not an Armstrong Number'.
    ENDIF.

Explanation

In the program, mentioned above, we have written a mathematical algorithm. The above program is explained below, step by step:

1. Initially, we have defined a parameter lv_data1 of type p i.e. packed (another form of float) and length 10. This parameter will be used to take the input.
2. Later, we have defined four variables: lv_digit, lv_final, lv_arm, lv_data2. These variables will be used in the algorithm discussed in further step.
3. To find if the number is Armstrong number or not, we will have to take out each individual number from the input. Then, get the summation of their cube.
4. If the summation achieved in above step is equal to the original number, then we print ‘It is an Armstrong Number’ else we print ‘It is not an Armstrong Number’.

Preface – This post is part of the ABAP Programs series.

Sometimes, there is a need to check palindrome of a number provided by user. In that case we program to check palindrome in ABAP. It is not a question that is merely asked in an interview but an important keyword that is used in day to day programming.

Introduction

Palindrome Characters/String/Number are those characters which are same if reversed. 12321, MADAM are some example of Palindromes. To achieve this thing, we need to reverse that string and compare with the old value. The given program implements the same:

ABAP Program

PARAMETERS: lv_data1(10) type c.
Data : lv_data2(10) type c.
CALL FUNCTION 'STRING_REVERSE'
  EXPORTING
    string          =  lv_data1
    lang            = sy-langu
 IMPORTING
   RSTRING         = lv_data2
* EXCEPTIONS
*   TOO_SMALL       = 1
*   OTHERS          = 2
          .
IF lv_data1 EQ lv_data2.
Write: 'Palindrome Number'.
Else.
  Write: 'Not a Palindrome Number'.
ENDIF.

Explanation

In the program mentioned above, we have implemented following step by step:

1. Initially, we have defined a parameter lv_data1 of type c i.e. character of length 10. This parameter will be used to take the input.
2. Later, we have declared a variable lv_data2 of type c i.e. character of length 10. This variable will be used to store the reverse value of input string.
3. Now, we will call a function module ‘STRING_REVERSE’ that will give us the reversed string.
4. If the original string and reverse string are same, then output will be ‘Palindrome Number’ else it will be ‘Not a Palindrome Number’.

Preface – This post is part of the ABAP Programs series.

Sometimes, there is a need to know the power of a number provided by user. In that case we program to calculate power of number in ABAP. It is not a question that is merely asked in an interview but an important keyword that is used in day to day programming.

Introduction

To calculate power of a number, you need to multiply that number by itself n times. Here n is the power. To achieve this thing we need to use Loops in ABAP. Following program implements the same:

ABAP Program

PARAMETERS: lv_data1(10) type i,
            lv_data2(10) type i.
Data lv_co_data = lv_data1 "to preserve the value.
While  lv_data2 > 1 .
lv_data1 = lv_data1 * lv_co_data.
lv_data2 = lv_data2 - 1.
ENDWHILE.
Write: lv_data1.

Explanation

In the program, mentioned above, we have implemented a while loop to get the required result. The same is explained below, step by step:

1. Initially, we have defined two parameters: lv_data1 and lv_data2. Both of these parameters are of type i i.e. integer and length 10. These parameters will be used to take the number (also called base number) and the power ( also called exponent of power).
2. Then, we will use a while loop which will run from the power value to 1.
3. We will keep multiplying the number with itself till the loop runs.
4. In this line, we will keep decreasing the value of power till it is equal to 1.
5. Now, we have calculated the power of the number. The output will be then printed using ABAP keyword “WRITE”.

Preface – This post is part of the ABAP Programs series.

Sometimes, there is a need to know the reverse of a string provided by user. In that case we program to reverse a string in ABAP. It is not a question that is merely asked in an interview but an important keyword that is used in day to day programming. This even helps us to find if a string is palindrome or not.

Introduction

To reverse a string, we need to call a Function Module STRING_REVERSE in ABAP program. The given program implements the same:

ABAP Program

PARAMETERS: lv_data1(10) type c.
Data : lv_data2(10) type c.
CALL FUNCTION 'STRING_REVERSE'
  EXPORTING
    string          =  lv_data1
    lang            = sy-langu
 IMPORTING
   RSTRING         = lv_data2
* EXCEPTIONS
*   TOO_SMALL       = 1
*   OTHERS          = 2
          .
IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
Write: lv_data2.
ENDIF.

Explanation

Well, this program is self explanatory. Still, I will explain it line by line below:

1. Initially, we have defined a parameter lv_data1 of type c that is character of length 10. This parameter will be used to take input from user.
2. In the very next line, we have defined a variable lv_data2 of type c that is character of length 10. This variable will be used to store the reversed string.
3. Now, we will call a Function Module ‘STRING_REVERSE’ exporting lv_data1 i.e. our string and importing the RSTRING in our variable lv_data2.
4. That’s it, we have to now just print it as output.